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Introduction to GreenHouse Gases (GHG) emission calculation
What are the main green house gases?
- Carbone Dioxyde
- Methane
- N2O
Methodologies to compute GHG emissions
- GHG protocol (US methodology)
- ISO 14064-1
- Bilan Carbone (french methodology)
Designing a carbon footprint
- Organizational boundaries
- In a control approach you account for all GHG emissions from facilities over which you have a financial or operational control
- In a equality share approach you would account for GHG emissions in proportion to the percentage ownership over the facility
- Base year
- have to set a base year so you can follow the emission trend
- Operational boundaries
- have to decide which emissions to report
- Direct emissions (scope 1) and energy indirect emissions (scope 2) are mandatory
- Reporting of other indirect emissions (scope 3) is not
Emission scopes
- Scope 1 = Direct energy sources
- Any source activity from an asset controlled by the organization
- Ex : electricity to light the office
- Scope 2 = Indirect energy sources
- Any source activity not controlled by the organization that generates energy used by the organization
- Ex : a car used by an employee
- Scope 3 = Other indirect sources
- Any non-energy related sources not controlled by the organization that impacts the organization
Monitoring Emissions
- Data collection
- Data processing
- Organisation
- project management
- people involved
- etc.
Identify sources
- Activity that impacts organization’s operation and results in the emission of greenhouse gases
- Examples
- Natural gas heating
- Water use
- Business travel
- Air conditionning
- Waste sent to municipal landfill…
Collect data and define units to use
- Natural gas heating
- m3
- Gj
- ft3
- Ccf
- Electricity
- kWh
- Gj
Emission factors
An emission factor is a ratio corresponding to the amount of greenhouse gases emitted as a result of a given unit of activity
Example - Natural Gas
- GWP : a ration denoting the effect of a quantity of a greenhouse gas on climate change with an equal quantity of carbon dioxyde usually expressed over a 100 year period
- Carbon dioxyde always has a GWP of 1
- Result are expressed in Carbon Dioxyde equivalent (g/kg/t C02e)
| Natural Gas | Emission | GWP | t C02e |
|---|---|---|---|
| C02/m3 | ~27t | 1 | 27 |
| CH4/m3 | 0.0005t | 25 | 0.0125 |
| N20/m3 | 0.0005t | 298 | 0.149 |
Implement strategies / actions to reduce
- Computing is necessary
- the most important being to understand what to reduce and which actions are needed
GreenIt or Sustainable ICT
We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them
– Albert Einstein
General statemets - Shift Project 2018
- Digital consumption as forecast is not sustainable
- Energy intensity of digital industry is in continuous growth
- No digital impact foreseen on worldwide productivity nor growth
- It is still possible to move ot a more sober digital world
Digital energy consumption
In France : Digital Energy Consumption represents $12\%$ of total energy consumption.